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PS Power and Sample Size
PS'' '' is an interactive computer program for performing statistical power and sample size calculations. 〔Dupont WD, Plummer WD: "Power and Sample Size Calculations: A Review and Computer Program", Controlled Clinical Trials 1990; 11:116-28.〕〔Dupont WD, Plummer WD: "Power and Sample Size Calculations for Studies Involving Linear Regression", Controlled Clinical Trials 1998; 19:589-601.〕〔Dupont WD and Plummer WD: PS power and sample size program available for free on the Internet. Controlled Clin Trials,1997;18:274〕
== Program description ==
The (PS ) program can be used for studies with dichotomous, continuous, or survival response measures. The user specifies the alternative hypothesis in terms of differing response rates, means, survival times, relative risks, or odds ratios. Matched or independent study designs may be used. Power, sample size, and the detectable alternative hypothesis are interrelated. The user specifies any two of these three quantities and the program derives the third. A description of each calculation, written in English, is generated and may be copied into the user's documents. Interactive help is available. The program provides methods that are appropriate for matched and independent t-tests,〔 survival analysis,〔Schoenfeld DA, Richter JR: "Nomograms for Calculating the Number of Patients Needed for a Clinical Trial With Survival as an Endpoint" Biometrics 1982; 38:163-170.〕 matched〔Dupont, WD: "Power Calculations for Matched Case-Control Studies", Biometrics, 1988; 44:1157-1168.〕 and unmatched〔Casagrande JT, Pike MC, Smith PG: "An Improved Approximate Formula for Calculating Sample Sizes for Comparing Two Binomial Distributions", Biometrics, 1978; 34:483-486.〕〔Schlesselman JJ: Case-control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York: Oxford U. Press; 1982:144-152.〕 studies of dichotomous events, the Mantel-Haenszel test,〔Wittes J, Wallenstein S: "The Power of the Mantel-Haenszel Test" J Am Stat Assoc, 1987; 82:1104-1109.〕 and linear regression.〔
The program can generate graphs of the relationships between power, sample size and the detectable alternative hypothesis. It can plot graphs of any two of these variables while holding the third constant. Linear or logarithmic axes may be used and multiple curves can be plotted on each graph. Graphs may be copied and pasted into other documents or programs for further editing.
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